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Determination and Comparative Analysis of Refractivity Profile and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Lagos

Received: 17 October 2016     Accepted: 28 December 2016     Published: 16 January 2017
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Abstract

The concept of radio link design and planning remain very vital to a radio link engineer and so the need to have a clear information outlook of the refractivity profile and fade depth of that location. In this study, radiosonde data from 2012 to 2014 was used to estimate the point refractivity gradient and fade depth for Lagos located 6.4531° N, 3.3958°E South West of Nigeria. The refractivity gradient for Lagos from the distribution table showed the highest occurrence in December with dN1 of -56.4268.1N units and February with the lowest dN1 having -398.5034N units while the fade depth for the different models also showed monthly and seasonal variations, with fade depth of 142.03 dB for the ITU-R P.530-9 model, 132.051 dB for the ITU-R P.530-14 model and 156.861 dB for the ITU-R P.530-16 model.

Published in International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15
Page(s) 59-62
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Refractivity, Refractivity Index, Refractivity Gradient, Fade Depth, Radiosonde Data, Geoclimatic Factor

References
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[3] E. E. O'Marr, Atmospheric effects on signal propagation in adverse environmental conditions a validation of the advanced refractive effects prediction system (Doctoral dissertation, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School). (2008).
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[5] E. Valma, Tamosiunaite, M., Tamosiunas, S., Tamosiuniene, M., & Zilinskas, M. Variation of radio refractivity with height above ground. Elektronika ir Elektrotechnika, 111 (5), 23-26. (2011).
[6] E. B. Ugwu, M. C. Umeh, O. J. Ugonabo, Microwave propagation due to earth’s atmosphere at very high frequency(VHF) and ultra high frequency(UHF) bands in Nsukka under clear-air condition. International Journal of Physical sciences. vol 10 (11),pp.359-363(2015).
[7] O. Ojo, M. Ajewole, A. Adediji and J. Ojo, Estimation Of Clear-Air Fades Depth Due To Radio Climatological Parameters For Microwave Link Applications In Akure, Nigeria. International Journal of Engineering, 7 (03), 8269 (2015).
[8] N. N. Chigbu M. I Onogu, G. O Ajayi, Characteristics of microwave propagation in vapourised atmosphere. Global journal of mathematics sciences, Vol.3 (2),123-136 (2004).
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[10] M Grabner, V Kvicera, P. Pechac First and second order statistics of clear-air attenuation on 11GHz terrestrial path.6th European conference on antennas and propagation (EUCAP). IEEE: pp. 2401-2404(2011).
[11] ITU-R F.1093-1 Effects of multipath propagation on the design and operation ofline-of-sight digital radio-relay systems. Rec. ITU-R F.1093-1, 1997(1997).
[12] B. L. Agba, O. Ben-Sik-Ali, R. Morin and G. Bergeron, Recent evolution of ITU method for prediction of multipath fading on terrestrial microwave links. Progress in Electromagnetics Res. Symposium Proc. Marrakesh, Morocco, Mar. 20-23: 1375(2011).
[13] M. Zilinskas, M. Tamosiunaite, M. Tamosiuniene, E. Valma, and S. Tamosiunas, Gradient of radio refractivity in troposphere. In Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Moscow, Russia, August (pp. 19-23) (2012, August).
[14] M. O Asiyo and T. J. Affulo, Tropospheric propagation mechanisms influencing multipath fading based on local measurements; in proc. of Southen Africa telecommunication networks and applications conference, Fancourt, George, South Africa (2012).
[15] J. S. Seybold, Introduction to RF propagation. WileyInterscience. John Willey and Sons, Inc.: pp. 116-118 (2005).
[16] Y. Bettouche, B. L. Agba and A. B. Kouki, Geoclimatic factor and point refractivity evaluation in Quebec-Canada. In General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS), 2014 XXXIth URSI (pp. 1-4). IEEE (2014, August).
[17] A. AbouAlmal, R. A. Abd-Alhameed, K. Al-Ansari, H. AlAhmad, C. H. See, S. M. Jones and J. M. Noras, Statistical analysis of refractivity gradient and parameter in the Gulf Region. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on, 61 (12), 6250-6254 (2013).
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    Udofia Kufre. M., Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo, Etokebe Iniobong Jackson. (2017). Determination and Comparative Analysis of Refractivity Profile and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Lagos. International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences, 1(3), 59-62. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15

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    ACS Style

    Udofia Kufre. M.; Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo; Etokebe Iniobong Jackson. Determination and Comparative Analysis of Refractivity Profile and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Lagos. Int. J. Inf. Commun. Sci. 2017, 1(3), 59-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15

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    AMA Style

    Udofia Kufre. M., Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo, Etokebe Iniobong Jackson. Determination and Comparative Analysis of Refractivity Profile and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Lagos. Int J Inf Commun Sci. 2017;1(3):59-62. doi: 10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15,
      author = {Udofia Kufre. M. and Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo and Etokebe Iniobong Jackson},
      title = {Determination and Comparative Analysis of Refractivity Profile and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Lagos},
      journal = {International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences},
      volume = {1},
      number = {3},
      pages = {59-62},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijics.20160103.15},
      abstract = {The concept of radio link design and planning remain very vital to a radio link engineer and so the need to have a clear information outlook of the refractivity profile and fade depth of that location. In this study, radiosonde data from 2012 to 2014 was used to estimate the point refractivity gradient and fade depth for Lagos located 6.4531° N, 3.3958°E South West of Nigeria. The refractivity gradient for Lagos from the distribution table showed the highest occurrence in December with dN1 of -56.4268.1N units and February with the lowest dN1 having -398.5034N units while the fade depth for the different models also showed monthly and seasonal variations, with fade depth of 142.03 dB for the ITU-R P.530-9 model, 132.051 dB for the ITU-R P.530-14 model and 156.861 dB for the ITU-R P.530-16 model.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Determination and Comparative Analysis of Refractivity Profile and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Lagos
    AU  - Udofia Kufre. M.
    AU  - Ogungbemi Emmanuel Oluropo
    AU  - Etokebe Iniobong Jackson
    Y1  - 2017/01/16
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15
    T2  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Information and Communication Sciences
    SP  - 59
    EP  - 62
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1719
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijics.20160103.15
    AB  - The concept of radio link design and planning remain very vital to a radio link engineer and so the need to have a clear information outlook of the refractivity profile and fade depth of that location. In this study, radiosonde data from 2012 to 2014 was used to estimate the point refractivity gradient and fade depth for Lagos located 6.4531° N, 3.3958°E South West of Nigeria. The refractivity gradient for Lagos from the distribution table showed the highest occurrence in December with dN1 of -56.4268.1N units and February with the lowest dN1 having -398.5034N units while the fade depth for the different models also showed monthly and seasonal variations, with fade depth of 142.03 dB for the ITU-R P.530-9 model, 132.051 dB for the ITU-R P.530-14 model and 156.861 dB for the ITU-R P.530-16 model.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria

  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria

  • Department of Electrical/Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Uyo, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria

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